Week One: New Aesthetics and Practices

Objective: 

The primary focus of the first week will be on unraveling the evolving dynamics of storytelling throughout time, examining the intersection between analog and digital modes of narrative expression. This exploration aims to critically assess the impact of digitization on artistic creation, particularly in the realms of realism, visual representation, and the interconnected relationship among film, cinema, television, and the internet.

1. Patterns of Creation

Delving into the historical, present, and future trajectories of storytelling.

Analyzing potential disconnects between analog and digital storytelling methodologies.

2. Digitization and its Implications

Defining digitization and its multifaceted influence on artistic realism and visual perception.

Examining the transformed relationships among film, cinema, television, and the internet in the digital age.

3. Evolution of Production Methods

Investigating shifts in the creative process due to digital tools and technologies.

Addressing the question of whether the advent of digital tools has altered the nature of artistic production.

4. The Semantics of Film and Cinema

Contemplating the semantic nuances between film and cinema in the context of digital storytelling.

Exploring the concept of reality in the digital era and its impact on storytelling.

5. From Infancy to Now – A Chronological Perspective

Tracing the fundamental stages of creative expression from historical origins to contemporary practices.

Building a foundational understanding of the evolution of storytelling techniques.

Understand the intricate interplay between traditional and digital storytelling methods, offering a nuanced understanding of the transformative nature of artistic creation over time.

Week Two Delving into Post-Cinematic Effects and the Audiovisual Essay

Objective:

In the second week, we aim to delve into the realm of post-cinematic effects and the intricate world of audiovisual essays. This week will provide participants with a comprehensive understanding of post-cinematic concepts, examining the works of influential figures such as David Lynch and Gasper Noe, while scrutinizing the impact of apparatus theory, editing structures, and the increasing departure from classical Hollywood filmmaking.

1. Deciphering Post-Cinematic (Serialism)

Defining post-cinematic and its serialistic dimensions.

Analyzing the post-constructed nature and its reflection of reality and ideals.

2. Continuity and Discontinuity in Media Forms

Examining the relationships between film, television, and other media forms.

Probing the influence of apparatus theory on narrative structures.

3. The David Lynch Phenomenon

Investigating the artistic contributions of David Lynch to the post-cinematic landscape.

Analyzing Lynch’s impact on editing structures and the increased lack of continuity in storytelling.

4. Post-Production Realities

Delving into the phenomenon of post-constructed realities and the loss of classic Hollywood films.

Exploring chaos cinema and its implications on storytelling.

5. Affect and Emotion in Post-Cinematic Narratives

Understanding the nuances between affect and emotion in storytelling.

Unraveling Gasper Noe’s unique approach to filmmaking and the structures of feelings in his works.

Key Concepts:

• Post-Cinematic: An exploration into the post-constructed nature of contemporary storytelling
• Post-Continuity: Analyzing the departure from classical continuity editing in post-cinematic narratives
• Modulation: Scrutinizing the transformative impact of post-cinematic narratives on traditional storytelling structures
• Digitization: Understanding the role of digital technologies in shaping post-cinematic storytelling

Through a comprehensive examination I gain valuable insights into the evolving landscape of post-cinematic effects and the intricate interplay between affect, emotion, and audiovisual storytelling.

Post-Cinematic

Post-cinematic refers to a contemporary mode of audiovisual storytelling that extends beyond the traditional confines of cinematic conventions. This term encapsulates a diverse range of media forms and storytelling techniques that have emerged in the digital age, often characterized by a departure from classical cinematic structures and an exploration of new narrative possibilities. Post-cinematic narratives may involve nonlinear storytelling, digital effects, and an integration of various media formats beyond the traditional film medium.

Post-Continuity

Post-continuity signifies a departure from the classical principles of continuity editing that have long defined traditional filmmaking. In post-continuity narratives, filmmakers intentionally disrupt or challenge the seamless flow of visual information from shot to shot, opting for unconventional editing structures that may involve fragmented sequences, temporal jumps, or non-linear storytelling. This concept reflects a shift away from the established norms of visual coherence in favor of a more experimental and fragmented approach to storytelling.

Modulation

In the context of post-cinematic narratives, modulation refers to the transformative and dynamic changes in storytelling structures, styles, or themes. It involves a deliberate departure from established norms and a willingness to explore new modes of expression. Modulation in storytelling can manifest in various ways, including changes in narrative tone, visual style, or thematic elements. It is a term often used to describe the flexibility and adaptability inherent in contemporary storytelling practices.

Digitization

Digitization is the process of converting analog information into digital format. In the context of media and storytelling, digitization refers to the widespread adoption of digital technologies in the creation, distribution, and consumption of audiovisual content. This includes the use of digital cameras, computer-generated imagery (CGI), digital editing software, and the overall integration of digital tools in the filmmaking process. Digitization has profoundly influenced the aesthetics, production, and distribution of content in the post-cinematic era, allowing for new possibilities and creative expressions.

Week Three: Exploring Editing Techniques and Hyperrealism in Post-Cinematic Narratives 

Objective

The focus of the third week is to unravel the evolution of editing techniques and the emergence of hyperrealism in the context of post-cinematic narratives. Participants will delve into the transformative changes over the years, examining how cameras create images, the impact of editing processes, and the nuanced interplay between post-cinematic images and emotional responses. Additionally, we will explore the cultural and technical dimensions of these changes, investigating the conditions of the cultural shift and the emergence of a new post-cinematic structure of feeling.

• Evolution of Editing Techniques

Analyzing the historical shifts in editing techniques and their impact on storytelling.

Exploring the technical and aesthetic dimensions of how cameras create images.

• Post-Cinematic Images and Emotional Responses

Investigating the emotional impact of post-cinematic images on audiences.

Examining whether these changes signify spectacle and sensationalism or contribute to new layers of meaning.

• Cultural and Technical Dimensions

Scrutinizing whether the shifts in editing and hyperrealism are purely technical or indicative of a broader cultural change.

Identifying the conditions and drivers of the cultural shift in post-cinematic narratives.

• Post-Continuity and the Structure of Feeling

Exploring the concept of post-continuity and its impact on the structure of feeling in post-cinematic storytelling.

Examining whether there is a perceived loss of order and the emergence of schizoid franticness or new skills in perception.

Key Theoretical Frameworks

• Shaviro’s Perspective: Understanding post-cinematic media in the context of social, economic, and political developments.
• Denson and Leyda’s Perspective: Recognizing post-cinematic media as actively reshaping cultural forms, subjectivity, and embodied sensibilities.

Discussion Points:

• The role of continuity structures in providing spatial orientation and regulating the flow of time. 
• Shaviro’s view on the opportunistic use of continuity rules in post-continuity films.
• The relativization and unhinging of space and time in post-cinematic narratives.

Quotes from Theorists:

Shaviro emphasizes the conversation between post-cinematic media and inherited cultural forms.

Thomas Elsaesser explores the reality-effect and the impression of hyper-reality in the digital era.

Film Screening:

Watching  and analyzing “Guardians of the Galaxy 2: Yaka” as a case study for exploring editing techniques and hyperrealism in contemporary cinema.

Guardians Of The Galaxy Vol. 2 – “Super Yaka” | Movie Clip HD

• The music juxtaposes the actions that are happening in the scene
• Use of slow-mo 
• So many sounds layered that it added to the viewing experiences
• It’s quiet comedic 
• It is chaos cinema to the core 

Exploring Potentials and Challenges of Representation on New Digital Platforms

Week 5: Television Component Conclusion

This week looked into the transformative impact of new audiovisual platforms on aesthetic and representational practices concerning sexuality, gender, and gender identity. Building upon last week’s focus on race and ethnicity, it introduced the concept of ‘trans TV,’ suggesting a correlation between the affordances of digital, internet-distributed platforms and the emergence of more transgressive and minority content on television.

However, this exploration also underscored certain limitations, touching upon both economic and representational challenges encountered by series such as Sense8, Transparent, and Pose. As we conclude the television component of this module, anticipation is high for your continued exploration of these themes through blog contributions and class discussions.

• Impact of New Platforms on Representations

The properties of emerging televisual platforms have revolutionized the landscape of representation. Streaming services, in particular, have disrupted the conventional broadcast model by offering a more diverse and global audience base. This shift has empowered creators to delve into a broader spectrum of narratives, perspectives, and characters that might have struggled to find a foothold in traditional television. The on-demand nature of these platforms has catalyzed experimentation in storytelling, fostering the emergence of unconventional and varied representations.

• Challenges in Representing Trans and Non-Binary Characters

The gradual emergence of representations of trans and non-binary characters in television has been hindered by societal attitudes, historical prejudices, and the conservative nature of the television industry. Mainstream media’s historical reluctance to embrace diversity has led to stereotypical or tokenistic portrayals of LGBTQ+ characters. However, evolving societal views and changing audience demands are steering the industry toward more authentic and nuanced representations.

• Evaluation of Selected Shows

Assessing the success of shows like Sense8, Transparent, Pose, and Euphoria in terms of aesthetic approach and representation practices is inherently subjective. Each show has played a pivotal role in pushing televisual representation boundaries:

Praised for its diverse cast and global perspective, exploring themes of identity and connection. Noteworthy for its focus on a transgender character and its exploration of complex family dynamics. Lauded for its authentic portrayal of ballroom culture and groundbreaking representation of transgender characters of color.

Recognized for its bold and visually striking approach, addressing issues such as addiction, mental health, and identity.

The assessment of success varies based on criteria such as cultural impact, critical acclaim, and audience reception.

• Long-Term Effects on Representational Practices

The impact of recent shows on representational practices and aesthetics in television is poised to have enduring effects. The success and positive reception of diverse and inclusive content signal a growing demand for authentic and varied stories. This may incentivize networks and streaming services to invest in more diverse productions, fostering a positive feedback loop. However, the industry’s response and the sustainability of these changes will depend on various factors, including audience reception, industry dynamics, and cultural shifts.

• Challenges and Progress in Selected Shows

Despite the seemingly progressive nature of Transparent, the series encountered issues, from casting controversies to allegations of inappropriate behavior. Pose, by contrast, emerged as a response, featuring a substantial transgender cast and writers. However, it faced critiques regarding narrative and aesthetic sophistication, at times resembling the dynamics of Glee transposed to the downtown ballroom scene.

As we conclude this exploration, the energy of Pose is encapsulated in its inaugural episode, where the ‘House of Abundance’ performs a raid on high culture, culminating in a ‘royal’ performance in the ballroom: [Watch the scene here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3KxWVX5cr8).

POSE. Robbery and Ball scene | POSE S01E01

This comprehensive review underscores the evolving landscape of televisual representation, showcasing both progress and the ongoing challenges inherent in portraying diverse and 

The properties of new platforms that showcase and produce televisual content have significantly impacted the emergence of different kinds of representations. These platforms, such as streaming services, have altered the traditional broadcast model by providing a more diverse and global audience base. This has encouraged creators to explore a wider range of narratives, perspectives, and characters that might not have been as viable in traditional television. The on-demand nature of these platforms allows for more experimentation in storytelling, leading to the emergence of unconventional and varied representations.

The slow emergence of representations of trans and non-binary characters in television can be attributed to a combination of societal attitudes, historical prejudices, and the conservative nature of the television industry. Traditionally, mainstream media has been slow to embrace diversity, and the portrayal of LGBTQ+ characters has often been stereotypical or tokenistic. However, as societal views evolve and audience demands change, there has been a gradual shift toward more authentic and nuanced representations in recent years.

Evaluating the success of shows like Sense8, Transparent, Pose, and Euphoria in terms of aesthetic approach and representation practices is subjective and depends on individual perspectives. Each of these shows has contributed in its own way to breaking new ground in televisual representation:

has been praised for its diverse cast and global perspective, exploring themes of identity and connection. is notable for its focus on a transgender character and the exploration of complex family dynamics.

Pose has been lauded for its authentic portrayal of ballroom culture and its groundbreaking representation of transgender characters of color.

Euphoria  is known for its bold and visually striking approach, addressing issues such as addiction, mental health, and identity.

The assessment of success can vary based on the criteria applied, such as cultural impact, critical acclaim, or audience reception.

The impact of recent shows on representational practices and aesthetics on television is likely to have long-term effects. The success and positive reception of diverse and inclusive content demonstrate the growing demand for authentic and varied stories. This may encourage networks and streaming services to invest in more diverse productions, fostering a positive feedback loop.

Additionally, the success of these shows may inspire creators to push boundaries and explore new perspectives, contributing to a more inclusive and representative television landscape in the future. However, the industry’s response and the sustainability of these changes will depend on various factors, including audience reception, industry dynamics, and cultural shifts.

Week 6: Music Video from MTV to Digital Networks

Exploring the Evolution and Impact of Music Videos

This week, we delve into the fascinating history of music videos, tracing their journey from the early days of MTV to their current prominence on digital platforms. Music videos have always been a unique media form, balancing commercial appeal with experimental aesthetics. Intriguingly, they often anticipated and interacted with digital technologies long before other media forms adapted. Our exploration covers the aesthetics, purposes, and migration of music videos from music television to social networks.

• Personal Reflections

As an aspiring filmmaker, this week’s topic really interested me. We examined the concept of post-cinema, relating it to music videos and their connections to both music television and platforms like YouTube, which we’ll explore in more detail in the coming weeks. We discussed the idea of “unruly media” and the emergence of a digital “mixing board aesthetic,” illustrating how post-cinematic elements circulate outside conventional cinema boundaries. This isn’t just about visual effects; it’s about forging new sound-image relationships.

• Image and Sound: The Audiovisual Contract

Shaviro, referencing Chion, highlights how sound adds value to cinematic images, creating a stable “audiovisual contract.” This concept, which we explored through a specific video during our class, emphasizes the symbiotic relationship between sound and image in media. Sound enhances visual elements by adding supplementary meaning, directional temporality, and a sense of autonomy to otherwise fragmentary moving images (Shaviro, 2016, 364). This stable contract is crucial in music videos, where the integration of music (sound) and visuals (image) creates a cohesive and immersive storytelling experience.

• The Storytelling Evolution in Music Videos

During this session I wondered..

Has there been a resurgence of music videos? Or the quality of the music video in the way it’s told?

Could Narrative back…..?  

The Storytelling Evolution in Music Videos

During this session, I pondered whether there has been a resurgence of music videos or an evolution in their narrative quality. Is the narrative making a comeback?

• Classic Early Music Videos and Experimentation

The rise of MTV in the early ’80s marked a significant shift. High-end productions became possible, albeit with certain constraints on what was acceptable for “music television.” 

Classic examples include:

One defining feature of music videos is their self-reflexivity, often associated with postmodernism. For example, Norwegian pop group A-Ha’s “Take on Me” used a blend of animation and cinematography to showcase the music video creation process: [Watch here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djV11Xbc914). 

The Golden Age of MTV

The rise of MTV in the early ’80s marked a significant shift. High-end productions became possible, albeit with certain constraints on what was acceptable for “music television.” Classic examples include:

MTV’s influence led to a surge in high-budget, visually striking music videos. However, this also sparked a backlash. The emphasis on special effects and rapid editing led some artists to favor low-tech minimalism. 

• Narrative-Driven Music Videos

We wanted the Beat it music video by Micheal Jckson, as a reference to a narrative driven music video. 

Michael Jackson – Beat It (Official 4K Video)

In “Beat It,” the video opens with a cinematic narrative, setting the scene for the song’s message. The seamless integration of action sequences with the music elevates the storytelling, making it a classic example of narrative-driven music videos.

Lady Gaga’s “Telephone” is another prime example. The first three minutes of the video are purely narrative, presenting an intriguing story with equally captivating visuals. This approach blurs the lines between music video and short film, showcasing the potential of music videos as a storytelling medium.

Lady Gaga – Telephone ft. Beyoncé (Official Music Video)

The Resurgence of Music Videos in 2024

Today, music videos are experiencing a resurgence. Platforms like Spotify and the digital networks, took over how people receive music. But everything comes back in fashion and people miss the old days and the old ways of story telling and self expression. The narrative, a fundamental element of early music videos, is making a strong comeback. This renewed interest highlights the ongoing evolution and relevance of music videos in the digital age

This music video, All too Well, I think has a strong narrative. The music video, which is also won an award as a short film. 

Taylor Swift – All Too Well: The Short Film

“The expletive-laden track clocks in at almost six minutes with almost non-stop arguing between the pair who play combative lovers.” 

“We Cry Together” – A Short Film (Uncensored)

Week 7: Music Video, Digital Aesthetics, and Representation: Race, Gender, Sexuality

Transformation of the Music Video Landscape

• Shift from MTV to Online Platforms
• Decline of MTV Model:
• MTV transitioned from music programming to reality TV.

Digital technologies rendered the traditional MTV economic model unsustainable for record companies.

Rise of YouTube

•     Revolutionized video production, circulation, and consumption.
•     Revived DIY practices and introduced new monetization avenues, e.g., Vevo.
•     Divergence from traditional TV led to new practices and aesthetics.

New Aesthetic Era (Vernallis) Mixing Board Aesthetic:

•     Emergence of new digital technologies.
•     Cross-media authorship and transmedia potentials for expression.

Redefining Music Videos

• From Promos to Audiovisual Contracts:
• Music videos are no longer just promotional tools.
• They explore complex relations between music, sound, and visuals.

Music Videos as Political Statements

Further Exploration of Political Music Videos

Notable Examples

Childish Gambino’s “This is America” 

• Released in 2018, Childish Gambino’s “This is America” gained widespread attention for its powerful commentary on American society.
• The music video, directed by Hiro Murai, juxtaposes carefree dancing with sudden acts of violence, creating a stark and unsettling contrast.

Gun Violence:

A critical focus on the prevalence of gun violence in the United States.

The video depicts sudden and shocking acts of violence, mirroring the real-life unpredictability and frequency of shootings in America.

Police Brutality and Misconduct:

References to police brutality and systemic racism in law enforcement.

Symbolic imagery, such as Gambino’s pose mimicking the Jim Crow caricature, draws attention to historical and ongoing racial oppression.

Consumerism and Distraction:

The juxtaposition of chaotic and violent scenes with moments of distraction (e.g., people engrossed in their phones) critiques societal apathy and the numbing effect of consumer culture.

Symbolism and Imagery:

The white horse (representing death or the apocalypse) and the choir scene (evoking the Charleston church shooting) are among the many powerful symbols used to convey deeper messages about race, violence, and society in America.

• Impact and Reception:

“This is America” sparked extensive discussion and analysis, becoming a cultural touchstone.

Its blend of catchy music, provocative imagery, and social commentary exemplifies the potential of music videos to serve as powerful political statements.

WEEK 9: YOUTUBE CHANNELS, CONTENT CREATION AND REACTION VIDEOS 

YouTube as a Platform for Content Creators

Overview

Focus: Examining YouTube’s environment for content creators and their strategies for monetization.

• Shift in Scholarship

Early views polarized: 

• Affirmative perspective: Democratic space for user-generated content.
• Critical perspective: Traditional media strategies and advertising tool.
• Overlooked the creator’s experience as a source of income.

Key Works and Theories

Jenkins et al. (2013), “Spreadable Media”:

  – Users create value across social media.

Cunningham and Craig:

Social Media Entertainment (2019)

•     Focus on social media as global entertainment sites.

 Creator Culture” (2021)

•     Emphasizes creator labor as both empowered and precarious.

Creator Labor Dynamics

Algorithmic Affordances: Creators navigate platform algorithms and shifting rules.

Impacts:

•   Visibility of videos.
•  Spread and monetization potential.

Terminology and Definitions

Ambiguity in Terms:

   “Prosumers” and “Produsers”**: Blur creator-consumer boundaries but ignore platform strategies.

  Various Terms: “Micro-celebrities,” “influencers,” “talent partners,” etc., with different connotations.

• Preferred Term:
• Creators” (Cunningham and Craig): 
• Social media users who commercialize and professionalize their content.

Evolution of Creative Labor Analysis

Historical Focus:

•   Major media organizations.
•   Audience activities.
•   Narrative meanings and authorship.

Shift to Creative/Cultural Industries:

•   Emphasis on precarious, liberating aspects of creative work.
•   Lack of traditional employment benefits.

 Unequal divisions in gender and race.

Personal and Relational Aspects

•  Affective Labor: Emotional and gendered aspects of creation.
•  Self-branding: Personal branding as part of content creation.
•  Relational Labor: Building connections with audiences and content.
•  Perceived Intimacy

 Social media fosters a sense of interconnectedness.

• Creators leverage this for commercial and interactive value.

Summary

• YouTube serves as a complex environment for creators balancing empowerment and precarity.
• Creators must constantly adapt to platform algorithms and policies.
• Understanding of creative labor on social media has evolved, recognizing both its potential and challenges.
• Personal and relational dynamics are crucial in content creation, affecting how creators interact with their audiences and monetize their work.

Week 10: Audiovisual Communication and Forms on New Platforms: Instagram, TikTok, and Twitch

Overview

Focus: Examining newer audiovisual platforms (TikTok, Twitch, Zoom, Instagram).

•   New forms of online sociality.
•   Affordances in performativity, liveness, and mimetic responses.
•   Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on these platforms.
•   Virtual liveness and potential evolution into the metaverse.

What new forms of audiovisual experiences have these platforms enabled?

Are these developments a temporary response to the pandemic or a step towards the metaverse?

• Jean Burgess (2021), ‘Platform Studies’

Creator Culture: An Introduction to Global Social Media Entertainment, pp. 21-38**

How different platforms shape content creation and social interactions.

Key Points

• Platform Specificity: Each platform has unique features and affordances that influence how content is created, shared, and consumed.
•  Algorithmic Governance: Platforms use algorithms to curate content, affecting visibility and engagement. This impacts creators’ strategies and audience interactions.
•  User Agency vs. Platform Control**: While platforms provide tools for content creation, they also exert control over what is amplified, often prioritizing content that maximizes engagement and revenue.
• Evolving Practices: The ways in which creators and audiences interact on platforms evolve as new features and tools are introduced.

• Stuart Cunningham and David Craig (2019), ‘Platform Strategy’

Social Media Entertainment: The New Intersection of Hollywood and Silicon Valley, pp. 19-64

Strategies platforms use to attract and retain users, monetization methods, and the interplay between Hollywood and Silicon Valley.

Key Points

•  Platform Economics: How platforms generate revenue through advertising, subscriptions, and partnerships. The business models that support these strategies.
• User Engagement: Techniques platforms use to keep users engaged, such as personalized recommendations, notifications, and interactive features.
• Content Moderation: Strategies for moderating content to comply with legal and community standards while balancing freedom of expression.
• Hollywood and Silicon Valley: The collaboration and competition between traditional media industries (Hollywood) and tech companies (Silicon Valley) in shaping the social media entertainment landscape.
• Monetization for Creators: How creators can earn money on platforms through ads, sponsorships, merchandise, and direct fan support (e.g., Patreon, Super Chats).

• Donna Alvermann, Ellen Wynne, William Wright (2021), ‘Tales from TikTok: Gender and Cultural Intersectionalities’

Genders, Cultures and Literacies, edited by Barbara J. Guzzetti, pp. 198-211

How TikTok users navigate gender and cultural identities through short-form videos.

Key Points

Gender Representation: How TikTok provides a space for users to express and explore gender identities, often challenging traditional norms.

Cultural Expression: The ways in which users from diverse cultural backgrounds use TikTok to share and celebrate their heritage, and how these expressions intersect with global trends.

Intersectionality: The interplay of gender, race, ethnicity, and other identity markers in the content created and shared on TikTok.

Influence of Algorithms: How TikTok’s recommendation system affects the visibility of content related to gender and cultural identities, potentially reinforcing or challenging stereotypes.

Community Building: How TikTok fosters communities around shared identities and interests, providing support and solidarity for marginalized groups.

• Emily Hund, Chapter 1 of  The Influencer Industry: The Quest for Authenticity on Social Media (2023)

Provides foundational insights into the influencer industry and the pursuit of authenticity.

• Platform Affordances: Unique features of each platform that shape how users create and interact with content.
• Performativity and Liveness: How platforms facilitate live interactions and real-time responses, especially prominent during the Covid-19 pandemic.
• Mimetic Responses: Trends and challenges in how content is replicated and adapted across different users and platforms.
• Virtual Liveness: The sense of live interaction and engagement in a virtual space, blurring the lines between real and digital experiences.
• Metaverse Speculation: Consideration of whether these developments signal a move towards more immersive, interconnected virtual worlds.

Discussion Points

• Impact of Covid-19: How lockdowns and social distancing accelerated the adoption and evolution of these platforms.
• Temporary vs. Permanent: Debating whether the changes seen are temporary adaptations or a fundamental shift towards the metaverse.
• Cross-Platform Dynamics: Examining how influencers and creators navigate multiple platforms to maximize reach and engagement.
• Authenticity and Surveillance: Balancing the quest for authentic content with the increasing control and surveillance by platforms.

Reflection

• Personal Experiences: Reflect on your own use of these platforms during the pandemic.
• Future Predictions: Speculate on the future of audiovisual communication and the potential rise of the metaverse.
• These notes provide a framework for understanding how newer audiovisual platforms are shaping online sociality and content creation, particularly in light of recent global events and technological advancements.